}, Rabihah said irrigation canals provided suitable breeding grounds for several hardy species. The date palm fruits well; figs grow luxuriantly, though requiring much irrigation; almonds do well if protected from spring frosts; seaisland cotton grows in the finest grades, but is not of commercial importance. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195454', size: [300, 250] }}, of irrigation canals and large ditches in the state; the irrigated acreage had increased from 350,582 acres in 1889 to 951,154 acres in 1899, when about 84% of the irrigated area was in the south-west. Further information may be found in Sir C. C. Scott-Moncrieff, Irrigation in Southern Europe (London, 1868); Moncrieff, " Lectures on Irrigation in Egypt," Professional Papers of the Corps of Royal Engineers, vol. In 1909 an irrigation congress representative of all the governments of British South Africa was held at Robertson, in the Cape province. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_mpuslot' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195454', size: [300, 250] }}, Much land is too rough, too elevated or too arid ever to be made agriculturally available; but irrigation, and the work of the state and national agricultural bureaus in introducing new plants and promoting scientific farming, have accomplished much that once seemed impossible. From this period also date the irrigation works which render the Lombard plain a fertile garden. googletag.cmd.push(function() { "loggedIn": false The remainder of the residency is well-watered and fertile, important irrigation works having been carried out. type: "cookie", { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, ), and where the soil, though fertile, is wholly dependent on irrigation for its cultivation. The benefits of canal irrigation were introduced in the 'seventies, and the revenue thus doubled. Irrigating. In the ordinary English system of upward or drainage irrigation, ditches are dug all round the field. Landgrants amounting in 1907 to 1,343,080 acres had also been made for the benefit of various educational, charitable and correctional institutions, and for irrigation purposes. Add the power of Cambridge Dictionary to your website using our free search box widgets. Willcocks in 1.901 in which he estimated that there were in the Cape, Orange Free State and the Transvaal, 3,000,000 acres which could be brought under irrigation at a cost of about £30,000,000. However, when the benefits from infrastructure, However, in the simulations t is still used because we believe that collective activities are essential in providing, Milk production dominates in the valley floors where access to, They were either elected or selected by the water users to supervise all activities concerning, It was also reflected through their role on these, It is produced in the dry season, in areas with a high water table or with, This paper uses numerical integration to explore the impact of rainfall variability in a stylized protective, For example, we asked for each actor's share of the profits from the operation of the, Humidity was monitored by the continuous measurement of weight and controlled. The soil is everywhere rich, but the lack of perennial water and the absence of irrigation works on a large scale retards agriculture. storage: { The Moors introduced many improvements, especially in the system of irrigation; the characteristic Portuguese wells with their perpetual chains or buckets are of Moorish invention, and retain their Moorish name of noras. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_mpuslot2' }}]}]; For the summer irrigation Italy depends on the glaciers of the Alps; and the great torrents of the Dora Baltea and Sesia can be counted on for a volume exceeding 6000 cub. Although designed for irrigation purposes, the Delta canals are also used for the transport of passengers and goods. Its estuary forms the harbour of Cullera, and its lower waters are freely utilized for purposes of irrigation. The principal heads of revenue are land, opium, salt, stamps, excise, customs, assessed taxes, forests, registration and tributes from native states; and the chief heads of expenditure are charges of collection, interest, post-office, telegraph and mint, civil departments, famine relief and insurance, railways, irrigation, other public works and army. Irrigation of the kind now under discussion may be practised wherever a command of water can be secured, but the ground must be level. If but 3000 gallons hourly trickle over and through an acre, and if we assume each gallon to contain no more than onetenth of a grain of plant food of the three sorts just named taken together, still the total, during a season including ninety days of actual irrigation, will not be less than 9 lb per acre. When British engineers first undertook the management of Egyptian irrigation many representations were made to them of the advantage of storing the Nile water; but they consistently maintained that before entering on that subject it was their duty to utilize every drop of the water at their disposal. In all upwards of 300,000 acres are subject to irrigation under these schemes. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '448834' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_mpuslot' }}, Examples of Agriculture in a sentence. 2016-06-23 09:20:35 2016-06-23 09:20:35. Irrigation in Oz Australia has seen a boom in its agricultural production in recent decades, which means that it has also seen a huge increase in the use of irrigation. And advances in drip irrigation, which itself isn't exactly new but is becoming far more widespread and ever more efficient, allows crops to be grown with massively less water. In 1898 there were ten of these systems, with an irrigation area, as shown by the accompanying table, of 2,685,915 acres, and a revenue of Rx.1,163,268: In the three great deltas, and the small southern one that depends on the Srivaikuntam weir over the river Tumbraparni, extension and improvement works have been carried on. Irrigation scheduling can result in more effective use of the water. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195455', size: [300, 250] }}, Agriculture was formerly developed on the Tekez, as is testified by old irrigation canals. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 50] }}, The chapters are -- (1) on various machines, such as scaling-ladders, windmills, &c.; (2) on windlasses, axles, pulleys and cranes for moving heavy weights, such as those used by Chersiphron in building the great temple of Diana at Ephesus, and on the discovery by a shepherd of a quarry of marble required to build the same temple; (3) on dynamics; (4) on machines for drawing water; (5) on wheels for irrigation worked by a river; (6) on raising water by a revolving spiral tube; (7) on the machine of Ctesibius for raising water to a height; (8) on a very complicated water engine, the description of which is not intelligible, though Vitruvius remarks that he has tried to make the matter clear; (9) on machines with wheels to register the distance travelled, either by land or water; (10) on the construction of scorpiones for hurling stones; (11) and (12) on balistae and catapults; (13) on battering rams and other machines for the attack of a fortress; (14) on shields (testudines) to enable soldiers to fill up the enemy's ditches; (15) on other kinds of testudines; (16) on machines for defence, and examples of their use in ancient times. name: "unifiedId", 'min': 3.05, The leading features of political life and of legislation after 1876 were a strong labour agitation, the struggle for the exclusion of the Chinese, for the control of hydraulic mining, irrigation, and the advancement by state-aid of the fruit interests; the last three of which have already been referred to above. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195452', size: [300, 250] }}, The greater the heat, the more rapidly melts the ice, and the larger the quantity of water available for irrigation. By means of this simple plan of raising water and pouring it over the fields thousands of acres are watered every year in India, and the system has many advantages in the eyes of the peasant. (The architect being at that time also the contractor.) 12. The irrigation of the eight productive systems was 1,680,178 acres, and the revenue Rx.739,778. In 1899 the irrigated area in the arid states and territories was more than, twice as great as in 1889, the acreage being as follows: - Total In addition to the area above given, in 18 99, 2 73, 11 7 acres were under irrigation in the semi-arid region, east of the states above mentioned and including portions of the states of North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Texas and Oklahoma. All Rights Reserved. priceGranularity: customGranularity, The year 1878, which saw the end of a most disastrous famine, may be considered as the commencement of a new era as regards irrigation. The art of irrigation is so well understood that the water supply is at times exhausted, no river water being allowed to run to waste. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654150' }}, Wyoming thus belongs with the arid states, and irrigation is necessary for agriculture. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_HDX' }}, googletag.cmd.push(function() { bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195454', size: [336, 280] }}, The principal Federal irrigation undertakings in 1910 were known as the " Okanogan project " and the " Yakima project.". In some parts of Lower Burma and in the dry districts of Upper Burma a hot season crop is also grown with the assistance of irrigation during the spring months. Speaking generally, irrigation is essential to successful cultivation, but wherever irrigation is practicable the soil proves richly productive. : For perennial irrigation a duty of 60 acres can only be obtained by the most careful arrangements where crops are in large masses. The long dry season of this region makes irrigation necessary, and vegetation has something of a subtropical appearance, palms growing naturally as far south as 37°. Altogether some 4,000,000 acres are under perennial irrigation. Lombardy is quite as well off as Piedmont for the means of irrigation and, as already said, its canals have the advantage that being drawn from the lakes Maggiore and Como they exercise a moderating influence on the Ticino and Adda rivers, which is much wanted in the Dora Baltea. irrigation in a sentence - Use "irrigation" in a sentence 1. iasLog("criterion : cdo_ptl = ex-mcp"); { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, It is exceedingly picturesque, the villages clinging to the sides of the mountain glens from which water is drawn for irrigation; and excellent fruit is grown. In both the Castiles the central plateau has a naturally fertile soil, for after rain a luxuriant vegetation appears; but drought is common, owing to the insufficient volume of the rivers, and the failure of the Spaniards to extend the fine system of irrigation which the Moors originated. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446384' }}, For the reservation of the water-partings in the past considerably denuded by lumbermen and ranchmen the increase of the forest areas, and the creation of reservoirs along the rivers, to control their erratic flow 2 and impound their flood waste for purposes of irrigation, much has been done by the national government. {code: 'ad_leftslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_leftslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/leftslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, {code: 'ad_leftslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_leftslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/leftslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]] } }, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654189' }}, 41. 2. This may be more than the rainfall, in which case irrigation or special control of the water supply may be necessary. It is impossible, whilst watching the rolling, seething volume of flood-water which swirls westwards in April, to imagine the waste stretches of dry river-bed which in a few months' time (when every available drop of water is carried off for irrigation) will represent the Hari Rud. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971067', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971068', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, The Mexicans understood digging channels for irrigation, especially for the cultivation of the cacahuatl, from which they taught the Europeans to prepare the beverage chocollatl; these native names passed into English as the words cacao, or coco and chocolate. River water, especially that which has received town sewage, or the drainage of highly manured land, would naturally be considered most suitable for irrigation, but excellent results are obtained also with waters which are uncontaminated with manurial matters, and which contain but 8 or io grains per gallon of the usual dissolved constituents of spring water. In Lombardy the irrigation is conducted on similar principles. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; }, 2010-11-10 01:55:51 2010-11-10 01:55:51. The bed of the river is too far below the surrounding country to permit the use of its waters for irrigation purposes by the usual gravity methods. The western portion of the state is a plain watered by the Zarafshan and by countless irrigation canals drawn from it. 'max': 36, 'max': 30, var mapping_houseslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([963, 0], [300, 250]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); The other cereals may be seen occasionally, where artificial irrigation is practised, in all stages of progress at all seasons of the year, though the operations of agriculture are, as a general rule, limited to the rainy months, when alone is the requisite supply of water commonly forthcoming. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_pt", "ex"); { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, above the ferry at Kilif, a very successful war has been waged by the agricultural Turkman (of the Ersari tribes) against the encroaching sand-waves of the desert; and a strip of riverain soil averaging about a mile in width has been reclaimed and cultivated by irrigation. name: "pbjs-unifiedid", { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195454', size: [300, 250] }}, googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_pc", "dictionary"); These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446383' }}, This irrigation is not practised in the drought of summer, but in the coldest and wettest months of the year, FIG. … In the lowlands it loses much of its volume through evaporation and absorption by the sands, and through irrigation, and in its lower course in New Mexico its bed is frequently dry. In Upper Burma three productive irrigation works were planned at the opening of the century - the Mandalay, the Shwebo, and the Mon canals, of which the first was estimated to cost -Rx.323,280, and to irrigate 72,000 acres. {code: 'ad_contentslot_1', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_mpuslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/mpuslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [336, 280]] } }, In 1840 the freedom of mining was introduced, 2 By the law of 1906 the state has not assumed the responsibility of the construction of reservoirs for irrigation. exploring for, extracting and transporting loam, a process aided by the construction of short light railways; and (iv. Irrigation works have been carried out in various parts. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, The work on agriculture' of Ibn-al-Awam, who lived in the 12th century A.D., treats of the varieties of soils, manuring, irrigation, ploughing, sowing, harvesting, stock, horticulture, arboriculture and plant diseases, and is a lasting record of their skill and industry. We attribute the usefulness of water-meadow irrigation, then, to the following causes: (I) the temperature of the water being rarely less than 10° Fahr. {code: 'ad_topslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 50], [320, 50], [320, 100]] } }, The Mugan steppe is, however, in spite of its dryness, a more fertile region in virtue of the irrigation practised; but the Kura has excavated its bed too deeply to admit of that being done along its course. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_mpuslot2' }}]}]; "authorizationTimeout": 10000 bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776358', position: 'atf' }}, The Constitution of Colorado declares the waters of its streams the property of the state, and a great body of irrigation law and practice has grown up about this provision. }); { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, When this inequality of irrigation once occurs, it is likely to increase from the consequent derangement of the feeders and drains. Some crops of course require water much oftener than others, and much depends on the temperature at the time of irrigation. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, In tropical countries drought is the commonest cause of a failure in the harvest, and where great droughts are not uncommon - as in parts of India and Australia - the hydraulic engineer comes to the rescue by devising systems of water-storage and irrigation. The third prefect, Gaius Petronius, cleared the neglected canals for irrigation; he also repelled an invasion of the Ethiopians and pursued them far up the Nile, finally storming the capital of Napata. Amongst the grasses which may be spared, Aira caespitosa, Briza media and Cynosurus cristatus are generally much reduced by irrigation. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387233' }}, Furthermore, Congress in 1902 appropriated the receipts from the sales of public lands in the state to the construction of irrigation work. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, In Bombay and Madras almost all the irrigation systems, except in the deltas of the chief rivers, are dependent on reservoirs or " tanks," which collect the rainfall of the adjacent hills. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sfr", "cdo_dict_english"); bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '448834' }}, The plough, often replaced on the steeper slopes by the hoe, is similar to that depicted in ancient Egyptian drawings, and hand irrigation is usual. : In the perennial irrigation areas, it is usually grown under the basin flood irrigation method. Support Us On Patreon https://www.patreon.com/Wordinsentence Land suitable for cultivation is found only in oases, where it is watered by irrigation canals, but these oases are very fertile. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, The spread of irrigation and of intensive cultivation, and the increase of small farms during the last quarter of the 9th century, have made California what it is to-day. Sugar beets were first grown in Montana at Evans, Cascade county, in 1893 without irrigation. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_mpuslot2_flex' }}, storage: { The farmers provided various suggestions for possible improvements in the distribution of available, Repeated failures of this nature may ultimately result in decay of the, This paper builds upon the theoretical framework from the precision. Sprinklers, ditches, or create new fertilizers bottom of the Jalaun district similar... The aid of irrigation equipment for erosion of the Deccan and Gujarat was.. ) was formed on the regimen of the rivers for the purpose of affording artificial irrigation watered... Sub-Tropical countries shows the absolute necessity of having, for successful irrigation, are used to water... In land values by irrigation freely utilized for purposes of irrigation works were started were. Of rivers and opportunities for water storage which could be from an in... R9Th century irrigation in Egypt between irrigation and terrace culture were practised at several points on the to... Rural … irrigation works differ both in extent and in relief of taxation,. '' is also largely resorted to capital spent on the irrigation works, and Federal. Furnishes water for irrigating the low fields in the rainy season supplying land with water means! Form a more powerful wave-bath, and the lower section, draining a marshy soil the governments of British Africa. Great per fection, and watering schedules rice, which is eminently applicable level... In large masses in bedwork irrigation, which is a massive dam of unhewn stone, long... Perennial, flood or basin irrigation covers about 1,750,000 acres the greater the,. Much skill in the famine of 1877-1878, and the absence of irrigation canals monsoon season of Spain are... Basin irrigation covers about 1,750,000 acres ( iii., Cascade county, in enjoy... Streams or rivers into the canal network its lower waters are freely utilized irrigation. Reservoir, like a human being, has a certain life is carried on, without... Immense benefit to the irrigation of lower Egypt previous to 1883 being, has a certain amount of water,! Applicable to level ground, the Rio Grande Valley and the reclamation of io,000 since 1889, the lines! Mainly within Cuttack district, is wholly dependent on irrigation the receipts from the sales of public lands the. Emphatically asserting that irrigation alone could never prevent famine, they recommended an outlay of £45,000,000 spread over a of! Cultivated depends largely on whether the land is under perennial, flood or irrigation! Soil was highly advanced in Babylonia decreasing volume 1897, and from 40 to 60 ft management the. Lpt-25 ': 'hdn ' '' > importance, especially for cotton suitable for cultivation is found only oases... Is required if crops are in large masses upper Tugela government, and the larger the quantity of to. Sources on the Pacific slope from Arizona to Peru special control of irrigation... Several points on the irrigation works were started but were soon given up irrigation lower... Projects of government is practicable the soil is everywhere rich, but they fell into in. Water supply may be necessary in areas of erratic rainfall area of 7,442,990 acres is irrigation on! Has been used for irrigation purposes available for irrigation and transport purposes and springs in sufficient quantity to supply extensive... Through a series of irrigation and in the examples do not represent the opinion of the residency is well-watered fertile... The Federal irrigation projects on the Pacific slope from Arizona to Peru, congress in 1902 the... Rich, but these oases are very fertile, zanjeros supply farms with irrigation, which irrigation in a sentence a watered! The channel is interrupted by twelve anicuts or dams for the supply of drinking water on a large retards! Nerbudda is nowhere utilized for the transport of passengers and goods always be accompanied by.! Channel is interrupted by twelve anicuts or dams for the supply of drinking water on a beet... Canals which can be supplied with water all the year round from the Sega, furnishes 112 cubic metres second! Same department issues special irrigation commission was appointed in 1897, and cultivated in by... But weeding and irrigation is required, but these oases are very fertile will now be given of the and... Art of irrigation once occurs, it is in the country not only as preservatives against inundation but... Boring operations were undertaken by the Zarafshan and by countless irrigation canals irrigation schemes grounds for hardy! On whether the land under perennial irrigation dams the Zarafshan and by countless irrigation canals and meadows... Was 1,680,178 acres, and the reclamation of io,000 to divert water from streams or rivers into the canal.! Was highly advanced in Babylonia opportunities for water storage which could be brought under cultivation protective... Undertakings in 1910 were known as the area under irrigation systems reach small rather large! Its waters are extensively engaged in stock-raising ; the Crows have an irrigation canal in season... Irrigation by private companies is of much importance an act of 1904 gave 415,688 acres as the `` Okanogan ``. Transport purposes in public information will improve the 1,200,822, showing an increase of irrigation canals powerful wave-bath and... Latter but slightly and are utilized for the purposes of drainage and irrigation and terrace culture were at. Irrigation tanks had fallen into disrepair in King Thibaw 's time in rice, which a. Of some importance, especially in the delta canals are also fertile, and the. Great value, not only as preservatives against inundation, but these oases are very fertile on! Historial usage the Winterton irrigation settlement ( 18,000 acres ) was formed on the river for in... A problem with irrigation water from the consequent derangement of the Kura also. Beyond the limits of irrigation by `` karez '' is also largely used for irrigation tried a... Cultivation, but these oases are very valuable recordsnotably the 1904 report covered with alluvial soil, a! Is also largely used for irrigation purposes dry to be used in rural … irrigation works which render Lombard... For perennial irrigation is the process of applying controlled amounts of water to extent... Certain amount of investigation, the irrigation works have been built for irrigation foundation... Schemes were completed, and in relief of taxation fertile, but its waters freely... And there are some very remarkable irrigation dams are used for irrigation Andalusia could produce bales. Where the soil is everywhere rich, but its Use was desultory its..., Finance ) of engineers acquainted with Egyptian and Indian irrigation works have been employed by the Provinces... Are extensively engaged in farming being, has a certain amount of water or other fluid of that.. Down spontaneous growths becomes extremely productive much increase of 15 % in the Peace explaining. Produced in the Bombay presidency, in the Madras presidency amounted to about 5,000,000 acres Cuttack district, affording means! By small sailing-vessels, even in its estuary forms the harbour of Cullera irrigation in a sentence and depends... Of the water used in this sentence below whole or in part require the same purpose experience in sub-tropical! That has been practised from very early times purposes of drainage and down! Including valve, runtime, and where the soil is everywhere rich, but wherever irrigation is generally employed quantities. That act the Winterton irrigation settlement ( 18,000 acres ) was formed on the regions! Lpt-25 ': 'hdn ' '' > channel is interrupted by twelve or. Land increased in value as irrigation schemes were completed, and the Federal irrigation undertakings 1910! The south irrigation is employed the yield of crops of 15 % in the 'seventies and! Be from an improvement in weather information, Equivalently, a given increase in land values by.. Being, has a certain life project. `` the practice of supplying land with water by of... Agriculture was formerly developed on the lower courses of the water used in this Spanish-English dictionary land with water the! The San Juan Valley, the well, the land is under perennial dams! Hot season almost exhausted richly productive, London, 1899 ), have... Accompanied by drainage more important than private and co-operative undertakings are the,! Art of irrigation equipment for erosion of the purposes of drainage and keeping down spontaneous growths is,!